|
Measurement in Practice: Review of Quality of Life Measures for Patients
with Diabetes
Please note that this section
is an archive and is no longer being updated.
|
Prepared by Kimberly Raiford Wildes, DrPH, MA, Anthony Greisinger, PhD,
and Kimberly J. O'Malley, PhD
Objectives
Quality of Life (QoL) instruments are used with diabetes
patients in the management of the disease and its related outcomes.
There is a substantial amount of literature focused on this area,
therefore, many disease-specific instruments have been developed to
assess quality of life in patients with diabetes. With the vast
amount of instruments available, researchers and/or medical
professionals may be overwhelmed as to which instrument to use for
their specific purpose. In addition, the definition of QoL is
ambiguous and there is little agreement as to how to go about
assessing it (Polonsky, 2000). The aim of this study was to identify
QoL instruments developed specifically for use with diabetes
patients, and to systematically review them in terms of descriptive
and psychometric properties. In turn, professionals will be able to
examine the purpose and available psychometric properties of each
instrument, affording them the opportunity to utilize the most
responsive and accurate instrument.
Methods
A thorough literature review was performed from December 2002 to
January 2003. Several databases, web sites, and search engines
were used to search for key terms relating to diabetes-specific
QoL instruments: PubMed, Health and Psychosocial Instruments (HaPI),
Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center (MDRTC), Google,
OVID, and ScienceDirect. Instruments were reviewed if they were
diabetes-specific (Type I or Type II), adult-specific, and
self-administered. Survey items or instruments developed by authors
to be used specifically in one study, for their research purpose only,
were not included. Once a reference list was generated, the list was
reviewed for relevance, duplicate references were eliminated, and
results were grouped according to purpose (e.g. for use with Type I
diabetes patients only). Descriptive and psychometric information was
compiled for each diabetes-specific instrument. In the case where
instrument properties were not available in the literature,
developmental authors were contacted for information and survey items.
In addition to the above, a list of QoL instruments most frequently
used with diabetes patients, but which are not diabetes-specific, was
compiled and included in the study. This was also done for a list of
diabetes-specific instruments that are frequently used to assess QoL,
but which are actually psychosocial instruments. These lists are to
aid researchers and medical professionals in choosing the most
valuable instrument.
Results
The search produced a list of 24 instruments eligible for review.
Eleven (11) instruments for use with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes were
reviewed, eight (8) instruments used for specific aspects of diabetes
were reviewed, four (4) instruments for use only with Type 1 diabetes
were reviewed, and three (3) instruments for use only with Type 2
diabetes were reviewed. In addition, details on five (5) commonly used
psychosocial instruments were provided. Lastly, a list of 11 generic
QoL instruments that are frequently used in the diabetic population was
provided. Recommendations for instruments were made based on purpose,
length, date of publication, and psychometric properties. Five (5)
diabetes-specific instruments are highly recommended as suitable for
measurement of diabetes-specific QoL. Other specific recommendations
and cautions are provided.
Conclusions
A multitude of diabetes-specific QoL instruments are available.
Researchers and medical professionals may be hindered by the available
choices and lack of coherent reviews. The current study synthesizes
available results, which professionals may use to critically examine
and choose an instrument of their choice, based on descriptive and
psychometric properties. From this synthesis, five (5) instruments
are recommended for assessment of diabetes-specific QoL.
|
|
ADDQoL (Audit of Diabetes Dependent QoL)2,7
| author and pub. date
|
Clare Bradley, 1999
|
| items
|
13, single dimension
|
| scale
|
7-point scale
|
| language
|
Original is English, multiple languages available
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on existing instruments, discussions with
health professionals and patients
|
| objective
|
To measure one's perception of the impact of diabetes on quality of life
|
| reliability
|
Item-total correlation range = 0.37-0.67; Alpha = 0.84
|
| validity
|
Correlated with Global judgment QOL (r=0.31) and Global judgment QOL without
Diabetes (r=0.47)
|
| comments
|
Recent instrument, brief, theory involved patient input, good reliability.
*Recommended
|
ADS (Appraisal of Diabetes Scale) 2
| author and pub. date
|
Michael P. Carey, 1991
|
| items
|
7 items, single dimension
|
| scale
|
5-point scale
|
| language
|
Original in English, no translations
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on theory and previous research
|
| objective
|
To assess diabetic's appraisal of his/her diabetes
|
| reliability
|
Item-total correlation range=0.28-0.59; Alpha=0.73, test-retest=0.85-0.89
|
| validity
|
Correlated with Diabetic Daily Hassles Scale (r=0.59), Diabetes Regimen
Adherence Q-aire-R (r=0.17), Diabetes Health Belief Q-aire (r=0.31-0.42),
Perceived Stress Scale (r=0.49), Psychiatric Symptom Index (r=0.39-0.55)
|
| comments
|
Instrument is theory based, brief, not recent, moderate reliability,
good test-retest reliability.
*Recommended
|
D-39 (Diabetes-39) 2
| author and pub. date
|
J.G. Boyer, 1997
|
| items
|
39 items, 5 dimensions
|
| scale
|
7-point visual analogue scale
|
| language
|
Original in English, multiple languages available
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on literature review, existing instruments, and interviews
with diabetics and health professionals
|
| objective
|
To measure QOL in diabetics, in order to focus on issues of importance
to diabetics and determine unmet needs
|
| reliability
|
Item-total correlation range=0.50-0.84, Alpha=0.70-0.93
|
| validity
|
Correlated with SF-36 (r=0.15-0.71), Global Judgment of QOL (r=0.21-0.44),
Global Judgment of Diabetes Severity (r=0.15-0.56)
|
| comments
|
Long instrument, recent, validity evidence not so strong,
content involved patient input, moderate to strong reliability.
|
DCP (Diabetes Care Profile) 8,11-13
| author and pub. date
|
James T. Fitzgerald (MDRTC), 1996
|
| items
|
234 items, sixteen scales
|
| scale
|
5-point Likert
|
| language
|
Original in English, available in Chinese
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Diabetes beliefs, self-reported diabetes self-care, and difficulties
with diabetes self-care, demographic information and self-care practices.
|
| objective
|
To assess the social and psychological factors related to diabetes
and its treatment
|
| reliability
|
Alpha: 0.60-0.97.
|
| validity
|
Discriminated between patient groups at p=0.05, correlated with GHb level
and psychosocial scales (p<=0.01), the SF-36 (r>=0.30, p<=0.01), and
dietary adherence (r=-0.29 to 0.41).
|
| comments
|
VERY long instrument, but thorough---subscales may be used
independently to measure individual domains
*Recommended for use with individual subscales,
otherwise, instrument is too long
|
DIMS (Diabetes Impact Measurement Scales) 2
| author and pub. date
|
Thomas T. Aoki and G. Steven Hammond, 1992
|
| items
|
44 items, 5 dimensions
|
| scale
|
4- to 6-point scale
|
| language
|
Original in English, available in French and Italian
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on lit review, review of instruments, and discussions with clinicians
|
| objective
|
To measure longitudinal changes in health status in Diabetics for application
in clinical trials.
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.60-0.85
|
| validity
|
Correlated with Global judgment of general health by patient (r=0.27-0.47)
and by clinician (r=0.29-0.45).
|
| comments
|
Slightly long, not recent, low to good reliability, validity not so strong,
content did not involve patient input.
|
DMH (Diabetes Mellitus History)10
| author and pub. date
|
MDRTC, 1998 (revised)
|
| items
|
34 core questions (5 sections) and 13 optional (4 sections)
|
| scale
|
Varies
|
| language
|
Original in English, no translations
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Core areas include resource and medication use, satisfaction,
comorbidities, and background
|
| objective
|
To collect basic clinical diabetes information from community-based
patients (classified by researchers as QOL)
|
| reliability
|
No information found.
|
| validity
|
No information found.
|
| comments
|
Long (more than 30 items), recent, items are not really QOL but are more clinical in nature
*Not recommended for QOL measurement, but may be used to collect basic information.
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DQLCTQ-R
(Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire-Revised)6
| author and pub. date
|
W. Shen, 1999
|
| items
|
57 items, 8 domains in revised version (original version 142 items and 34 domains)
|
| scale
|
Varies
|
| language
|
Original in English, available in French and German
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Composite of generic and specific instruments including SF-36 and DQOL,
content based on patient focus groups and expert clinician panels
|
| objective
|
To measure QOL changes in multinational clinical trials of patients
with Type I and II diabetes
|
| reliability
|
Intraclass r=0.74-0.90 Alpha=0.77-0.90.
|
| validity
|
Scale discriminates between type of diabetes, metabolic control, gender,
and self-perceived control of diabetes.
|
| comments
|
Long, recent, good reliability, content involved patient input.
|
DQOL (Diabetes Quality of Life
Measure) 2
| author and pub. date
|
Alan M. Jacobson, 1988 (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, DCCT, 1996)
|
| items
|
46 items in 4 dimensions
|
| scale
|
5-point Likert scale
|
| language
|
Original English, available in Chinese and Spanish (EsDQOL)
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on lit reviews, discussion with clinicians and Type I diabetics.
|
| objective
|
To measure QOL and burden of treatment.
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.47-0.92 Test-retest=0.78-0.92
|
| validity
|
Correlated with the SCL-90-R (r=0.40-0.60),
Bradburn Affect Balance Scale (r=0.27-0.57),
SF-36 (r=0.00-0.60), and psychological adjustment
to illness (r=0.06-0.63)
|
| comments
|
Not recent, slightly long, content involved patient input,
low to good internal consistency reliability, good test-retest reliability,
and validity evidence not so strong.
Reported as most widely used QOL measure for Diabetics
|
LQD (Quality of Life with Diabetes
Questionnaire) 4
| author and pub. date
|
A. Hirsch, 1997
|
| items
|
17 items, 3 dimensions
|
| scale
|
5-point scale
|
| language
|
German
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Modified version of the DQOL with items translated into German.
|
| objective
|
To address satisfaction with life and the burdens
of diabetes and its treatment.
|
| reliability
|
Internal consistency r= 0.71-0.83 among subscales.
Test-retest (3 days)=0.53-0.77 among subscales;
test-retest (30 days)=0.27-0.74
|
| validity
|
Discriminated between types of therapy (p<0.05) and number of
complications (except for one subscale), and frequency of
hypoglycemia (p<0.001).
|
| comments
|
Brief, fairly recent, moderate to good internal consistency reliability,
test-retest reliability ranges from low to good among scales, validity moderate.
*The Blood Glucose subscale should be used with caution.
|
QSD-R (Questionnaire on Stress in
Patients with Diabetes-R) 2,14
| author and pub. date
|
G. Duran and P. Herschbach, 1997
|
| items
|
45 items, 8 dimensions
|
| scale
|
5-point scale
|
| language
|
German with English translation
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on lit reviews and interviews with clinicians and
diabetics, self-administered
|
| objective
|
To assess diabetes-related stress
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.69-0.81 for the factors and 0.63 for total
Test-retest=0.45-0.73
|
| validity
|
Correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (r=0.33-0.71) and BDI (r=0.61).
|
| comments
|
Fairly recent, long, moderate to good reliability (though test-retest is lower),
low to moderate validity evidence, content involved patient input.
|
WED (Well-Being Enquiry for Diabetics) 2
| author and pub. date
|
E. Mannucci, 1996
|
| items
|
50 items, 4 dimensions
|
| scale
|
5-point scale
|
| language
|
English
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on diabetologists, psychiatrists, nurses and diabetics
|
| objective
|
To measure diabetes-related QOL in clinical settings
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.81-0.84
Test-retest=0.68-0.89
|
| validity
|
Correlated with DQOL (r=0.05-0.68), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (r=0.13-0.63),
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (r=0.29-0.49)
|
| comments
|
Long, not recent, content involved patient input,
good internal consistency reliability and moderate to good
test-retest reliability, not so strong validity evidence
|
D-FISQ
(Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-testing Questionnaire) 15-16
| author and pub. date
|
Frank J. Snoek, 1997
|
| items
|
15 items (original 38), 2 subscales
|
| scale
|
4-point Likert scale
|
| language
|
Original in Dutch, English translation recently developed
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Items developed from literature and clinical experience
|
| objective
|
To quantify the degree of fear of self-injecting insulin
and self-testing of blood glucose in adult insulin-treated
diabetic patients
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.94 total, 0.90-0.94 for subscales
Test-retest r=0.50 to 0.68
|
| validity
|
Correlated at 0.28- 0.45 with fear of hypoglycemia, trait anxiety,
and fear of injury/illness/death. Scores related to
behavioral avoidance (p=0.01-0.095).
|
| comments
|
Interesting instrument due to specificity of dimension,
English translation recently developed, low validity,
low to high reliability
|
DFS (Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale) 17
| author and pub. date
|
Johnson & Johnson, unknown date
|
| items
|
62 (caregiver version), 64 (patient version)
|
| scale
|
No information found.
|
| language
|
Original in English, multiple languages
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
No information found.
|
| objective
|
To measure the impact of foot ulcers on QOL
|
| reliability
|
No information found.
|
| validity
|
No information found.
|
| comments
|
Long, very specific to one dimension,
was not able to find psychometric information
|
DKT (Diabetes Knowledge Test) 1
| author and pub. date
|
James T. Fitzgerald of MDRTC, 1998
|
| items
|
23 items (first 14 suitable for NIDDM, full 23 items
appropriate for IDDM), 2 subscales
|
| scale
|
Multiple-choice
|
| language
|
Original in English, several languages available
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Expert panel identified the content areas to test,
performed item revision, pilot-tested
|
| objective
|
To gain a general assessment of a patient’s knowledge about diabetes
and the care of diabetes
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.70-0.71 for general test and 0.74-0.76 for insulin-use portion.
Item-whole r=0.22-0.43 for general test and 0.32- 0.53 for
insulin-use subscale.
|
| validity
|
Allegedly established by showing that Type I diabetics have higher
DKT scores than Type II diabetics
|
| comments
|
Recent, brief, moderate reliability and validity (reliability is higher for
the insulin-use portion)
*Recommended
|
DKQ-1 (Diabetes Knowledge
Questionnaire-1) 17
| author and pub. date
|
Keith A. Meadows, date unknown
|
| items
|
46 items, 5 domains
|
| scale
|
Multiple-choice
|
| language
|
Original in English, available in Spanish
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
No information found.
|
| objective
|
To identify diabetes-specific knowledge deficits in Type I diabetic patients.
|
| reliability
|
No information found.
|
| validity
|
No information found.
|
| comments
|
Author was contacted, but has not responded.
DKQ-1 was first known as the CCQ-1
|
DTSQ (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction
Questionnaire)18
| author and pub. date
|
Clare Bradley, 1993
|
| items
|
8 items
|
| scale
|
7-point Likert Scale
|
| language
|
Original in English, available in multiple languages
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
No information found.
|
| objective
|
To measure diabetes treatment satisfaction (6 items) and perceived frequency
of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (2 items).
|
| reliability
|
No information found.
|
| validity
|
No information found.
|
| comments
|
Not recent, brief, measures treatment satisfaction, which may be an important
aspect of QoL, but this instrument does not directly assess QoL.
Two versions DTSQs and DTSQc (status and change)
|
HFS (Hypoglycemia Fear Survey)3
| author and pub. date
|
Daniel J. Cox and Linda A. Gonder-Frederick, 1987
|
| items
|
27 items
|
| scale
|
5-point Likert
|
| language
|
English, no translations
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on content from interviews with diabetes health professionals
and insulin-requiring patients
|
| objective
|
To measure degree of fear experienced with hypoglycemia,
to monitor continual diabetes care in diabetics
requiring insulin
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.87 in pilot, alpha=0.60-0.96 among subscales,
no negative item-total correlationsTest-retest=0.59-0.76
among subscales
|
| validity
|
Moderately correlated with other measures of psychological fear/anxiety,
risk of hypoglycemia, and number of glycemic episodes.
Not correlated with measures of unrelated constructs
|
| comments
|
Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, very specific,
have found very limited information on this scale
|
HFS-II (Hypoglycemia Fear
Survey-II) 3
| author and pub. date
|
Linda A. Gonder-Frederick, date unknown
|
| items
|
23 items (4 items from HFS deleted and 4 items revised)
|
| scale
|
5-point Likert
|
| language
|
English, no translations
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on interviews with diabetes professionals
and insulin-requiring patients
|
| objective
|
To measure degree of fear experienced with hypoglycemia,
to monitor continual diabetes care in diabetics
requiring insulin
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=069-0.90 for subscales
|
| validity
|
High SCL-90 phobic subscale scores related to fewer behaviors to avoid
hypoglycemia (r=-0.36) in Type I patients. SCL-90 anxiety (r=0.43)
and phobic (r=0.29) subscales related to Worry subscale on
HFS-II in Type II patients.
|
| comments
|
Have found very limited information on this scale, contacted author
|
MDQ (Multidimensional Diabetes
Questionnaire) 19
| author and pub. date
|
Arie Nouwen, 1997
|
| items
|
41 items, 3 factors
|
| scale
|
7-point (factors 1 and 2) and 0-100 rating scale (factor 3)
|
| language
|
English, available in French
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on patient experience, diabetologists, and significant others of patients
|
| objective
|
To provide a comprehensive assessment of social and cognitive
factors (authors classify as QOL)
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.70 to 0.91 among subscales
|
| validity
|
Correlated with psychological (BDI-SF and IHLC), behavioral (diet and exercise),
and disease-related measures (duration of diabetes, HbA1c, complications)
|
| comments
|
Not recent, long, internal consistency moderate to good, moderate validity evidence
|
D-FISQ (Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-testing
Questionnaire) 15-16
| author and pub. date
|
Frank J. Snoek, 1997
|
| items
|
15 items (original 38), 2 subscales
|
| scale
|
4-point Likert scale
|
| language
|
Original in Dutch, English translation recently developed
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Items developed from literature and clinical experience
|
| objective
|
To quantify the degree of fear of self-injecting insulin and self-testing
of blood glucose in adult insulin-treated diabetic patients
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.94 total, 0.90-0.94 for subscalesTest-retest r=0.50 to 0.68
|
| validity
|
Correlated at 0.28- 0.45 with fear of hypoglycemia, trait anxiety,
and fear of injury/illness/death. Scores related to
behavioral avoidance (p=0.01-0.095).
|
| comments
|
Interesting instrument due to specificity of dimension,
English translation recently developed, low validity,
low to high reliability
|
DHP-1 (Diabetes Health Profile-1)2,9
| author and pub. date
|
Keith A. Meadows, 1996
|
| items
|
32 items in 3 factors
|
| scale
|
4-point scale
|
| language
|
English
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on lit review, review of instruments, interviews with
Type I patients and health care professionals
|
| objective
|
To identify psychosocial dysfunctioning/QOL among insulin dependent
and insulin requiring patients
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.70-0.88 for factorsItem-total correlation=0.40-0.75
|
| validity
|
Correlated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r=0.28-0.62)
and SF-36 (r=-0.07 to -0.68)
|
| comments
|
Content involved patient input, relatively brief, fairly recent,
moderate to good reliability*Recommended(This instrument measures
psychosocial functioning but is classified as QOL/Health status).
|
DHP-1 (Diabetes Health Profile-1)2,9
| author and pub. date
|
Keith A. Meadows, 1996
|
| items
|
32 items in 3 factors
|
| scale
|
4-point scale
|
| language
|
English
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on lit review, review of instruments, interviews with Type I patients
and health care professionals
|
| objective
|
To identify psychosocial dysfunctioning/QOL among insulin dependent
and insulin requiring patients
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.70-0.88 for factorsItem-total correlation=0.40-0.75
|
| validity
|
Correlated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r=0.28-0.62)
and SF-36 (r=-0.07 to -0.68)
|
| comments
|
Content involved patient input, relatively brief, fairly recent,
moderate to good reliability
*Recommended(This instrument measures psychosocial functioning
but is classified as QOL/Health status).
|
DKQ-1 (Diabetes Knowledge
Questionnaire-1) 17
| author and pub. date
|
Keith A. Meadows, date unknown
|
| items
|
46 items, 5 domains
|
| scale
|
Multiple-choice
|
| language
|
Original in English, available in Spanish
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
No information found.
|
| objective
|
To identify diabetes-specific knowledge deficits in Type I diabetic patients.
|
| reliability
|
No information found.
|
| validity
|
No information found.
|
| comments
|
Author was contacted, but has not responded.DKQ-1 was first known as the CCQ-1
|
DSQOLS (Diabetes-Specific
Quality of Life Scale)2,21
| author and pub. date
|
Uwe Bott, 1998
|
| items
|
39 items, 6 dimensions
|
| scale
|
6-point scale
|
| language
|
English
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on existing instruments and discussions with Type I diabetics.
|
| objective
|
To measure QOL and treatment satisfaction in Type I diabetics
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.70-0.88 among subscales
|
| validity
|
Correlated with the Positive Well-Being Scale (r=0.35-0.53)
and treatment satisfaction (r=0.28-0.43)
|
| comments
|
Recent, fairly brief, content involved patient input, moderate to good reliability,
validity evidence adequate
|
DHP-18 (Diabetes Health Profile-18) 5
| author and pub. date
|
Keith A. Meadows, 2000
|
| items
|
18 items in 3 factors
|
| scale
|
4-point scale
|
| language
|
English
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on lit review, review of instruments, interviews with
Type I patients and health care professionals (DHP-1)
|
| objective
|
A later version of the DHP-1 to assess psychosocial dysfunctioning/QOL
among non-insulin patients
|
| reliability
|
Alpha=0.70-0.88
|
| validity
|
BA subscale discriminated between treatments in two samples (p<0.001)
and PD subscale discriminated between treatments in one sample.
|
| comments
|
Brief, recent, moderate to good reliability, good validity
|
DKQ-2 (Diabetes Knowledge
Questionnaire-2) www.hull.ac.uk/hsru/measures
| author and pub. date
|
Keith A. Meadows, date unknown
|
| items
|
30 items, 5 domains
|
| scale
|
Multiple-choice
|
| language
|
Original in English, available in German, German Swiss,
German Austrian, Portuguese and French
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Developed for use with Type II diabetes patients
|
| objective
|
To identify diabetes-specific knowledge deficits
in Type II diabetic patients.
|
| reliability
|
No information found.
|
| validity
|
No information found.
|
| comments
|
Author has been contacted, but has not responded.
|
DSC-R (Diabetes Symptom
Checklist Revised) 20,*
| author and pub. date
|
Frank J. Snoek, 1994 (DSC); 2002 (DSC-R)
|
| items
|
34 items, 8 dimensions, 2 subscales (same items as DSC but scoring is different)
|
| scale
|
Two Likert scales
|
| language
|
Original in Dutch, multiple translations including English
|
| technique
|
Self-administered
|
| content
|
Based on literature and experiences of diabetologists
|
| objective
|
To measure the occurrence and perceived burden of physical
and psychological symptoms related to Type II diabetes
and its possible complications
|
| reliability
|
(based on DSC)Alpha=0.76-0.95;Test-retest=0.79-0.94r=0.80 among subscales
with exception of few items
|
| validity
|
Significant differences in scores found between patients with different
comorbidities and treatments
|
| comments
|
DSC-R does not have psychometric information, needs validation;
DSC shows good reliability and adequate validity
|
DAS-3 (Diabetes Attitude
Scale)22
| author and pub. date
|
Robert M. Anderson (of MDRTC), 1998
|
| description
|
33 items and 5 subscales, Original in English, may be used with diabetics
or health care professionals
|
| objective
|
To measure general diabetes related attitudes
|
DES (Diabetes Empowerment Scale) 23
| author and pub. date
|
Robert M. Anderson (MDRTC), 1995
|
| description
|
28 items with three subscales, outcome measure for a variety of educational
and psychosocial interventions related to diabetes, Original in English
|
| objective
|
To measure diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy
|
PADS (Psychosocial Aspects of
Diabetes Schedule) www.hull.ac.uk/hsru/measures
| author and pub. date
|
Keith A. Meadows, date unknown
|
| description
|
Interviewer administered, Original in English, no translations
|
| objective
|
To identify management and psychosocial problems in patients with
insulin dependent and insulin requiring diabetes
|
PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) 24
| author and pub. date
|
Garry W. Welch, 1995
|
| description
|
20 items, self-administered, original English, multiple languages
|
| objective
|
To assess emotional functioning in diabetics
|
W-BQ22 and W-BQ12 (Well-Being
Questionnaire) 25,26
| author and pub. date
|
Clare Bradley, 1994 (W-BQ22), 2001 (W-BQ12)
|
| description
|
Original 22 items and short version 12 items, self-administered, original in English,
original available in at least 20 languages and short version in 25 languages
|
| objective
|
To assess mood in the management of diabetes
|
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The reliability and validity of a brief diabetes knowledge test.
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for diabetes: a structured review. Diabet Med. 2002 Jan;19(1):1-11. Review.
3. Irvine AA, Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick LA: The Fear of Hypoglycemia Scale. In
Handbook of Psychology and Diabetes. Bradley C, Ed. Berkshire, U.K.:
Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994, p. 133-155.
4. Hirsch A, Bartholomae C, Volmer T. Dimensions of quality of life in people with
non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Qual Life Res. 2000 Mar;9(2):207-18.
5. Meadows KA, Abrams C, Sandbaek A. Adaptation of the Diabetes Health Profile
(DHP-1) for use with patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: psychometric
evaluation and cross-cultural comparison. Diabet Med. 2000 Aug;17(8):572-80.
6. Shen W, Kotsanos JG, Huster WJ, Mathias SD, Andrejasich CM, Patrick DL.
Development and validation of the Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial
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7. Bradley C, Todd C, Goron T, Symonds E, Martin A, Plowright R. The development
of an individualized questionnaire measure of perceived impact of diabetes on
quality of life: The ADDQoL. Qual Life Res. 1999;8:79-91.
8. Fitzgerald JT, Davis WK, Connell CM, Hess GE, Funnell MM, Hiss RG. Development
and validation of the diabetes care profile. Eval and Health Prof.
1996;19:208-230.
9. Meadows K, Steen N, McColl E, Eccles M, Shiels C, Hewison J, Hutchinson A. The
Diabetes Health Profile (DHP): A new instrument for assessing the psychosocial
profile of insulin-requiring patients-development and psychometric evaluation.
Qual Life Res. 1996 Apr;5(2):242-54.
10. Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center (MDRTC). Diabetes History (DMH).
Available:
http://www.med.umich.edu/mdrtc/textonly/educmats/survey_intro.htm
Accessed December 2002.
11. Anderson RM, Fitzgerald JT, Wisdom K, Davis WK, Hiss RG. A comparison of global
versus disease-specific quality-of-life measures in patients with NIDDM.
Diabetes Care. 1997 Mar;20(3):299-305.
12. Fitzgerald JT, Anderson RM, Funnell MM, Arnold MS, Davis WK, Aman LC, Jacober SJ,
Grunberger G. Differences in the impact of dietary restrictions on African Americans
and Caucasians with NIDDM. Diabetes Educ. 1997 Jan-Feb;23(1):41-7.
13. Fitzgerald JT, Anderson RM, Gruppen LD, Davis WK, Aman LC, Jacober SJ, Grunberger G.
The reliability of the Diabetes Care Profile for African Americans. Eval Health Prof.
1998 Mar;21(1):52-65.
14. Herschbach P, Duran G, Waadt S, Zettler A, Amm C, Marten-Mittag B. Psychometric
properties of the Questionnaire on Stress in Patients with Diabetes--Revised (QSD-R).
Health Psychol. 1997 Mar;16(2):171-4.
15. Mollema ED, Snoek FJ, Pouwer F, Heine RJ, van der Ploeg HM. Diabetes Fear of
Injecting and Self-Testing Questionnaire: a psychometric evaluation.
Diabetes Care. 2000 Jun;23
(6):765-9.
16. Snoek FJ, Mollema ED, Heine RJ, Bouter LM, van der Ploeg HM. Development and
validation of the diabetes fear of injecting and self-testing questionnaire
(D-FISQ): first findings. Diabet Med. 1997 Oct;14(10):871-6.
17. Quality of Life Instruments Database (QOLID). Available:
http://www.qolid.org/. Accessed December 2002.
18. Bradley C. Handbook of Psychology and Diabetes. London: Harwood Academic
Publishers, 1994.
19. Talbot F, Nouwen A, Gingras J, Gosselin M, Audet J. The assessment of diabetes-related
cognitive and social factors: the Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire.
J Behav Med. 1997 Jun;20(3):291-312.
20. Grootenhuis PA, Snoek FJ, Heine RJ, Bouter LM. Development of a type 2 diabetes
symptom checklist: a measure of symptom severity. Diabet Med. 1994 Apr;11(3):253-61.
21. Bott U, Mulhauser I, Overmann H, Berger M. Validation of a diabetes-specific
quality-of-life scale for patients with Type I diabetes. Diabetes Care.
1998 May;21(5):757-769.
22. Anderson RM, Fitzgerald JT, Funnell MM, Gruppen LD. The third version of the
diabetes attitude scale. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(9):1403-7.
23. Anderson RM, Funnell MM, Fitzgerald JT, Marrero DG. The Diabetes Empowerment Scale:
a measure of psychosocial self-efficacy. Diabetes Care. 2000 Jun;23(6):739-43.
24. Polonsky WH, Anderson BJ, Lohrer PA, Welch G, Jacobson AM, Schwartz C. Assessment of
diabetes-specific distress. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:754-60.
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and Diabetes: A Guide to Psychological Measurement in Diabetes Research and Practice.
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for use with people with macular disease. Qual Life Res. 2001;10(5):465-73.
* Personal communication with author.
Suggested citation
Wildes K, Greisinger A, O'Malley K. Review of quality of life
measures for patients with diabetes. Report of the Measurement
Excellence and Training Resource Information Center, Houston
Center for Quality of Care and Utilization Studies, and the
Houston VA Medical Center, 2003.
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