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Colgan DD, Green K, Eddy A, Brems C, Sherman KJ, Cramer H, Oken B, Christopher M. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the English Version of the Postural Awareness Scale. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.). 2021 Nov 26; 22(11):2686-2699.
PURPOSE: The Postural Awareness Scale (PAS) was developed among a sample of German speakers to measure self-reported awareness of body posture. The first aim of this study was to conduct an English translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PAS. The second aim was to assess psychometric properties of the English version of the PAS. METHODS: Forward and backward translations were conducted. The translated scale was then pretested in a small sample of English-speaking adults (n? = 30), followed by cognitive interviews. Finally, consensus of the translated scale was achieved among an expert committee (n? = 5), resulting in the Postural Awareness Scale-English Version (PAS-E). Psychometric properties of the PAS-E were investigated among a sample of individuals with chronic pain (n? = 301) by evaluating factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. Analyses of variance were conducted to calculate differences in PAS-E scores between specific subgroups (pain conditions, sex, and history of mindfulness practice). Linear regression analyses investigated whether the scores on the PAS-E predicted levels of pain, stress, and mood. RESULTS: The results obtained from an exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor solution and were supported by a confirmatory factor analysis. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency and satisfactory construct validity. No significant differences related to sex at birth or pain duration were found. CONCLUSION: PAS-E demonstrated good psychometric properties, and therefore, can and should be used both for research and clinical practice.