Trauma-Informed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Women Veterans: An Intervention Development Study

Carlson GC, Kelly MR, Erickson K, Saldaña K, Alessi CA, Yano EM, Martin JL, Hamilton AB. Trauma-Informed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Women Veterans: An Intervention Development Study. Cognitive and behavioral practice. 2025 Mar 26; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2025.03.002.

Related HSR&D Project(s)

• RCS 21-135 – Research Career Scientist Award
• RCS 20-191 – Research Career Scientist Award
• CDA 20-227 – Increasing PTSD Treatment Engagement in Women Veterans: Role of CBT for Insomnia
• RCS 05-195 – Research Career Scientist Award

Dimensions for VA is a web-based tool available to VA staff that enables detailed searches of published research and research projects.

If you have VA-Intranet access, click here for more information vaww.hsrd.research.va.gov/dimensions/

VA staff not currently on the VA network can access Dimensions by registering for an account using their VA email address.    Search Dimensions for VA for this citation
* Don't have VA-internal network access or a VA email address? Try searching the free-to-the-public version of Dimensions

Search for Abstract from PubMed

---

Abstract:

This paper describes the methodology and outcomes of the development of a trauma-informed protocol for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Methods included (a) convening an expert panel of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs providers (n = 4) to identify trauma-related symptoms that may interfere with standard CBT-I delivery and to assess trauma-informed adaptations to an existing CBT-I protocol, (b) presenting adapted protocol materials to veteran engagement groups for feedback, and (c) sequentially delivering the trauma-informed CBT-I protocol to women veterans (n = 5) with iterative refinement of the intervention materials and evaluation of clinical improvement (Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total scores and sleep diaries). Trauma-informed adaptations to CBT-I included posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis psychoeducation, nighttime hyperarousal reduction strategies, nightmare/sleep avoidance psychoeducation, behavior tracking to challenge avoidance, psychoeducation about trauma-related thoughts, and orientation to PTSD treatments. Veteran engagement group consensus supported expert feedback. Women who completed trauma-informed CBT-I reported improved sleep outcomes from baseline to 3-month follow-up and high perceived acceptability and clarity regarding trauma-informed adaptations. This efficient, multistep approach resulted in an acceptable, efficacious protocol for use in a randomized clinical trial. These methods can be applied to other protocols to systematically adapt other psychotherapies for patients with PTSD.