Racial Disparities in Diagnosis of Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Symptomatic Medicaid Enrollees, 2012-2015.

Hall SV, Zivin K, Piatt GA, Weaver A, Tilea A, Zhang X, Moyer CA. Racial Disparities in Diagnosis of Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders Among Symptomatic Medicaid Enrollees, 2012-2015. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.). 2023 Sep 27; appips20230094.

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Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: This study quantified the prevalence of postpartum mood and anxiety disorder (PMAD) diagnoses among symptomatic Michigan Medicaid enrollees and explored factors associated with receiving a diagnosis. METHODS: Data sources comprised Michigan Medicaid administrative claims and Phase 7 Michigan Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (MI-PRAMS) survey responses, linked at the individual level. Participants were continuously enrolled in Michigan Medicaid, delivered a live birth (2012-2015), responded to the survey, and screened positive for PMAD symptoms on the adapted two-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted weighted logistic regression analyses were used to predict the likelihood of having a PMAD diagnosis (for the overall sample and stratified by race). RESULTS: The weighted analytic cohort represented 24,353 deliveries across the 4-year study. Only 19.8% of respondents with symptoms of PMAD had a PMAD diagnosis between delivery and 3 months afterward. Black respondents were less likely to have PMAD diagnoses (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.11-0.49) compared with White respondents. Among White respondents, no covariates were significantly associated with having a diagnosis. However, among Black respondents, more comorbid conditions and more life stressors were statistically significantly associated with having a diagnosis (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI = 1.27-7.96 and AOR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.10-8.88, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Rate of PMAD diagnosis receipt differed by race and was low overall. Black respondents were less likely than White respondents to receive a diagnosis. Patient characteristics influencing diagnosis receipt also differed by race, indicating that strategies to improve detection of these disorders require a tailored approach.