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VA Health Systems Research

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Evidence Synthesis Program

ESP Reports    ESP Topic Nomination    ESP Reports in Progress

Read about the ESP's most recent impacts

Since 2007, the VA Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP) has helped VA function as a continuously learning health care system. We provide timely, rigorous, independent syntheses of published evidence for the VA to translate into evidence-based clinical practice, policy, and research. We adapt traditional systematic review approaches to meet our operational partners’ specific evidence needs and timelines. Whenever possible, our reports maintain an emphasis on the Veteran population to ensure our reviews are relevant to VA decision-makers. ESP reports are available in the public domain and many are published in top medical journals, extending their reach beyond the VA and even the US. ESP evidence syntheses have informed the clinical guidelines of large professional organizations.

The program receives funding from HSR and consists of four ESP Centers across the US, each with an active University affiliation, and a Coordinating Center, located in Portland, Oregon, which oversees national program operations, ensures methodological consistency and quality of products, and engages with stakeholders. Center Directors are recognized leaders in the field of evidence synthesis, often with close ties to the AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Centers and roles as practicing clinicians in the VA. This unique expertise enables ESP to produce comprehensive reports that answer a wide range of research questions in a variety of clinical and health system settings.

Recent ESP Journal Publications

Parr NJ, Young S, Baltich Nelson B. Assessing Whole-Person Outcomes During Routine Clinical Care: A Rapid Scoping Review. Medical Care. 2024; 62(12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000002046.

Parr NJ, Beech EH, Young S, Valley TS. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Occult Hypoxemia Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-024-08852-1.

Mak S, Allen J, Begashaw M, et al. Use of Massage Therapy for Pain, 2018-2023: A Systematic Review. JAMA Network Open. 2024; 7(7):e2422259. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22259.

Ramos K, Shepherd-Banigan M, McDermott C, et al. Health Care Team Interventions to Reduce Distress Behaviors in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Clinical Gerontologist. Published online July 2, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2024.2372424.

Nugent SM, Anderson J, Young SK. Behavioural Mental Health Interventions Delivered in the Emergency Department for Suicide, Overdose and Psychosis: A Scoping Review. BMJ Open 2024;14:e080023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080023.

Quinn M, Jutkowitz E, Primack J, et al. Protocols to Reduce Seclusion in Inpatient Mental Health Units. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Published online January 9, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13277.

Burke CA, Seidler KJ, Rethorn ZD, et al. Interventions to Improve Long-Term Adherence to Physical Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000402.

Boyer MJ, Carpenter DJ, Gingrich JR, et al.  Genomic Classifiers and Prognosis of Localized Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-023-00766-z.

Weitzner ZN, Phan J, Begashaw MM, et al. Endoscopic Therapies for Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Surgical Endoscopy. 2023;37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-023-10390-6.

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New Reports

  • Systematic Review - Registered Nurse Transition-to-Practice Programs (intranet only)
  • Evidence Map - Beyond Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Evidence Map of Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Related Dietary Interventions for the Prevention and Management of Chronic Health Conditions (intranet only)

More...


Peer Review

ESP reports are externally peer-reviewed by clinical and policy experts. If you're interested in serving as a peer reviewer for the program, please register here.



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Any health information on this website is strictly for informational purposes and is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used to diagnose or treat any condition.