ESP Reports in Progress
The following reports are under development at one of the four ESP sites. If you would like to provide comments about the topic under development, serve as a peer reviewer for the draft report, or know the timeline for completion, please contact the ESP Coordinating Center.
To review the most up-to-date protocols, please visit the PROSPERO website. Protocol registration numbers for an individual project can be found along with the brief abstract for the project, below.
- Aromatherapy and Essential Oils
- Panel Size
- Gadolinium Agents for Patients with CKD
- Deprescribing for Older Veterans
- End Stage Renal Disease and Depression: A Systematic Review
- Orthobiologic Products in Foot and Ankle Arthrodesis Sites
- ESRD and Depression (protocol under development)
- Robot-assisted General Surgery (protocol under development)
- Screening for Male Osteoporosis (protocol under development)
- Gulf War Illness (protocol under development)
- Transformational Coaching (protocol under development)
- Models and Tools for Care Coordination Implementation (protocol under development)
Aromatherapy and Essential Oils
Background/Objectives of Review
The evidence map will be used by the Integrative Health Coordinating Center, Patient-Centered Care & Cultural Transformation, and Pharmacy Benefits Management Services to determine the evidence base for providing aromatherapy to Veterans to support Veteran health and to inform future research and identify gaps in practice.
Key Questions
What evidence is available on the effectiveness of aromatherapy or essential oils for health-related conditions?
PICOTS
Population(s): Adults (18+), including pregnant and postpartum women, receiving an intervention of interest. Children and adolescents are excluded.
Interventions: Include: Essential oil preparations that are inhaled, topically applied, or oral rinses that do not contain alcohol or other antiseptic ingredients.
Exclude: Essential oil preparations that are ingested or consumed; preparations where essential oils are combined with another drug or active ingredient; preparations intended for mucosal absorption in areas other than nasal/oral (eg, enema); oral rinses that contain antiseptic ingredients, such as Listerine containing 27% alcohol.
Comparator: Any
Outcome(s): Primary symptoms
Secondary outcomes (anxiety, depression, or mental health outcomes that are not primary to a diagnosis; sleep; etc)
Global health outcomes (eg, quality of life, activities of daily living, mobility, social functioning, employment)
Harms
Setting: All settings
General Search Strategy
Search strategies will be developed in consultation with a research librarian, and will be peer reviewed by a second research librarian using the instrument for Peer Review of Search Strategies. We will conduct a review of the literature by systematically searching, reviewing, and analyzing the scientific evidence as it pertains to the research questions. To identify relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses, we will begin by searching Ovid MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid PsycINFO, CINAHL, Epistomonikos, and Ovid EBM Reviews Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR, DARE, HTA, Cochrane CENTRAL, etc.). We will search all available years of publication from database inception (1946 for Ovid MEDLINE®) through January 2019. To identify additional reviews, we will review the bibliographies of relevant reviews of reviews, search the review registry Prospero for completed reviews, and query subject matter experts.
Panel Size
Key Questions
KQ1: How should panel size be determined for a primary care provider? What is the optimal size of a patient panel in primary care? Is there evidence to suggest that MD, NP and PAs should have different panel sizes? Is there evidence from large health systems in terms of setting and maintaining panel sizes?
KQ2: Should primary care panel sizes be risk adjusted for patient complexity? If yes, how should risk adjustment be accomplished?
PICOTS
Population(s): Adults
Comparator: Any comparison of differences in panel sizes in primary care
Outcome(s): Risk adjustment used to determine primary care panel sizes, clinical quality, cost, access, equity, patient experience/satisfaction
Setting: Primary care
General Search Strategy
We will procure literature from Web of Science and PubMed.
Gadolinium Agents for Patients with CKD
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019135783
Background/Objectives of Review
The Nephrology Field Advisory Committee (FAC) provides independent advice to VA Specialty Care Services (SCS) on clinical policy and program development. The mission of the FAC is to provide National VA Renal program oversight, forward field concerns, assist in distributing information to the field, and serve as a resource to other VACO program offices.
This review will directly guide the FAC’s recommendations for development of national and local policies on Class 2 and Class 3 gadolinium use, the need for laboratory screening, and the need for informed consent prior to contrast administration for MRI scans.
Key Questions
KQ1: When exposed to macrocyclic or newer linear gadolinium-based contrast agents, what is the incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis among:
- a) All patients?
- b) Patients with acute or chronic kidney disease?
- c) Patients with key risk factors for kidney disease (such as diabetes and hypertension)?
KQ2: When compared to older linear gadolinium-based agents, what is the relative risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis due to exposure to macrocyclic or newer linear gadolinium-based contrast agents among:
- a) All patients?
- b) Patients with acute or chronic kidney disease?
- c) Patients with key risk factors for kidney disease (such as diabetes and hypertension)?
PICOTS
Population(s): Adults, children, and autopsy
Interventions: ACR Class II gadolinium-based contrast agents: Gadoteridol (Prohance), Gadobenate dimeglumine, gadobenic acid (MultiHance),Gadobutrol (Gadavist, Gadovist, Gadograf), Gadoterate meglumine, Gadoteric acid (Dotarem, Clariscan, Artirem)
ACR Class III: Gadoxetate disodium (Eovist, Primovist)
We will also include Class I gadolinium agents when compared to Class II or III agents.
Comparator: Any or no comparators
Outcome(s): Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (including “NSF” and nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (either confirmed or suspected cases; cases associated with multiple types of gadolinium agents or multiple doses also acceptable)
Setting: Gadolinium agents administered for any reason, outpatient or inpatient, in any country
General Search Strategy
We will conduct a primary search from inception to the current date of MEDLINE® (via PubMed®), Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. We will use a combination of MeSH keywords and selected free-text terms to search titles and abstracts. To ensure completeness, search strategies will be developed in consultation with an expert librarian. We will also hand search key references for relevant citations that may not be captured by our database search. Depending on the depth of the peer-reviewed literature, we may also search for case reports of NSF among patients exposed to newer gadolinium agents in the FDA (FAERS) database.
Deprescribing for Older Veterans
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019132420
Key Questions
KQ1: What are the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of deprescribing interventions among adults age 65 and older?
KQ1a: What are the identified elements/components that contribute the most to the effectiveness of deprescribing interventions?
KQ1b: Do the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of deprescribing interventions vary by patient population, provider factors, or setting?
KQ2: What are the identified facilitators and barriers that impact the implementation of deprescribing interventions within large-scale health systems such as the VA?
PICOTS
Population(s): Individuals age 65 years and older
Interventions: Deprescribing intervention
Comparator: Any (to include usual care or a different intervention)
Outcome(s): Patient-Centered Outcomes: quality of life, mortality, hospitalizations, acute care encounters, falls, delirium; functional status (physical and/or cognitive), adverse drug withdrawal events
Intermediate Outcomes: total number of medications discontinued, number of medications with dosage decreased, number of medications with schedule simplified, number of inappropriate medications discontinued, adherence to medications, types of medications, cost
Setting: Any health care setting
End Stage Renal Disease and Depression: A Systematic Review
Key Questions
KQ1. What are the performance characteristics of screening tools for depression in patients with ESRD?
KQ2. What is the impact of screening for depression in patients with ESRD on intermediate and/or patient outcomes?
KQ3. What is the effectiveness of depression treatment in patients with ESRD?:
a. pharmacological treatment
b. non-pharmacological treatment
c. pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments combined
KQ4. In patients with ESRD and depression, what are the potential harms of:
a. screening?
b. treatment?
i. pharmacological
ii. non-pharmacological
KQ5. Do the benefits or harms of screening differ by:
a. patient characteristics or other social determinants of health?
b. setting?
c. screening characteristics/process?
d. other (eg, patient engagement/receptivity to treatment, social
support)?
e. timing and type of follow-up?
KQ6. Do the benefits or harms of treatment differ by:
a. patient characteristics or other social determinants of health?
b. setting?
c. provider characteristics (eg, mental health, PCP, other)?
d. other (eg, patient engagement/receptivity to treatment, social
support)?
e. timing and type of follow-up?
PICOTS
Population(s): Adults with ESRD and known or suspected depression
Interventions: Depression screening, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for depression
Comparator: Other screening tools, placebo, other interventions, wait list controls
Outcome(s): Diagnostic test performance: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value
Therapeutic impact: timing, setting, or type of treatment.
Intermediate and Patient outcomes: depressive symptoms, mortality, suicide attempts or completion, hospitalization, ED/urgent care utilization, patient satisfaction, adherence to dialysis, medication, or treatment, pain medication reduction, BP/metabolic control, quality of life, other outcomes (eg, employment)
Adverse effects or unintended consequences
Setting: All US and international settings (VHA, hospital community, community mental health, ED, urgent care, other community)
General Search Strategy
Search strategies will be developed in consultation with a research librarian, and will be peer reviewed by a second research librarian using the instrument for Peer Review of Search Strategies (PRESS). We will conduct a review of the literature by systematically searching, reviewing, and analyzing the scientific evidence as it pertains to the research questions. To identify relevant trials, we will search Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Elsevier EMBASE, and Ovid EBM Reviews Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR, DARE, HTA, Cochrane CENTRAL, etc). We will search all available years of publication from database inception (1946 for Ovid MEDLINE®) through April 2019. We will review the bibliographies of relevant articles and contact experts to identify additional studies. To identify in-progress or unpublished studies, we will search the VHA HSR&D website, ClinicalTrials.gov, OpenTrials, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP).
Orthobiologic Products in Foot and Ankle Arthrodesis Sites
Key Questions
KQ1: What are the effectiveness and harms of adding orthobiologics compared to no orthobiologics when performing primary foot/ankle arthrodesis surgery?
KQ1a: Do effectiveness and harms vary by patient age, gender, smoking status, obesity, diabetes, bone quality, arthrodesis site, or use of medications that may impede healing (eg, immunosuppressives)?
KQ2: What is the cost and/or cost-effectiveness (as reported in the literature) of adding orthobiologics compared to no orthobiologics when performing primary foot/ankle arthrodesis surgery?
PICOTS
Population(s): Adults undergoing primary foot/ankle arthrodesis surgery (forefoot to ankle)
Interventions: Non-structural autogenous orthobiologics (autogenous bone graft, bone marrow aspirate, plasma products); synthetic products
Comparator: Primary foot/ankle arthrodesis surgery without orthobiologic products
Outcome(s): Patient-centered Outcomes: wound healing, need for reoperation/reintervention, pain, clinically meaningful differences in functional outcome or quality of life scale scores (eg, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society [AOFAS], Mazur)
Intermediate Outcomes: radiographic fusion, mean time to union
Costs, Cost Effectiveness, Resource Utilization: patient costs, facility costs
Harms: post-operative complications (eg, scar pain, wound dehiscence, wound complications, neuritis, infection, amputation, malalignment, lateral impingement, mortality, venous thromboembolism); donor site morbidity (eg, hematoma formation, infection, chronic pain, neurological deficits, iatrogenic fractures)
Setting: Any health care setting
General Search Strategy
Databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from 2000 to present
The search strategy includes Medical Subject Headings (eg, Autografts; Bone Transplantation; Transplantation, Autologous; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Foot Bones; Foot Joints; Ankle Joint; Arthrodesis) and title/abstract words for orthobiologic products and foot and ankle arthrodesis.
We will also search Clinicaltrials.gov for recently completed and/or on-going trials and reference lists from relevant systematic reviews for references missed by our database searches.