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Humphreys K. Professional interventions that facilitate 12-step self-help group involvement. Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 1999 Apr 1; 23(2):93-8.
Facilitating patients' involvement with 12-step self-help organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA), is often a goal of substance abuse treatment. Twelve-step-facilitation (TSF) interventions have been found to be more effective than comparison treatments in increasing patients' 12-step group involvement and in promoting abstinence. Future TSF evaluation research should address the effectiveness of incorporating TSF interventions with cognitive-behavioral treatment methods, the relative impact of brief versus extended TSF interventions, and the cost-effectiveness and health care cost-offset of TSF interventions within managed health care systems.