Association of Nondisease-Specific Problems with Mortality, Long-Term Care, and Functional Impairment among Older Adults Who Require Skilled Nursing Care after Dialysis Initiation.

Bowling CB, Plantinga L, Hall RK, Mirk A, Zhang R, Kutner N. Association of Nondisease-Specific Problems with Mortality, Long-Term Care, and Functional Impairment among Older Adults Who Require Skilled Nursing Care after Dialysis Initiation. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2016 Dec 7; 11(12):2218-2224.

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Abstract:

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The majority of older adults who initiate dialysis do so during a hospitalization, and these patients may require post-acute skilled nursing facility (SNF) care. For these patients, a focus on nondisease-specific problems, including cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, exhaustion, falls, impaired mobility, and polypharmacy, may be more relevant to outcomes than the traditional disease-oriented approach. However, the association of the burden of nondisease-specific problems with mortality, transition to long-term care (LTC), and functional impairment among older adults receiving SNF care after dialysis initiation has not been studied. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, and MEASUREMENTS: We identified 40,615 Medicare beneficiaries = 65 years old who received SNF care after dialysis initiation between 2000 and 2006 by linking renal disease registry data with the Minimum Data Set. Nondisease-specific problems were ascertained from the Minimum Data Set. We defined LTC as = 100 SNF days and functional impairment as dependence in all four essential activities of daily living at SNF discharge. Associations of the number of nondisease-specific problems ( = 1, 2, 3, and 4-6) with 6-month mortality, LTC, and functional impairment were examined. RESULTS: Overall, 39.2% of patients who received SNF care after dialysis initiation died within 6 months. Compared with those with = 1 nondisease-specific problems, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for mortality were 1.26 (1.19 to 1.32), 1.40 (1.33 to 1.48), and 1.66 (1.57 to 1.76) for 2, 3, and 4-6 nondisease-specific problems, respectively. Among those who survived, 37.1% required LTC; of those remaining who did not require LTC, 74.7% had functional impairment. A higher likelihood of transition to LTC (among those who survived 6 months) and functional impairment (among those who survived and did not require LTC) was seen with a higher number of problems. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying nondisease-specific problems may help patients and families anticipate LTC needs and functional impairment after dialysis initiation.