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Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management.

Durfey SNM, Kind AJH, Buckingham WR, DuGoff EH, Trivedi AN. Neighborhood disadvantage and chronic disease management. Health services research. 2019 Feb 1; 54 Suppl 1:206-216.

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Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between a composite measure of neighborhood disadvantage, the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and control of blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol in the Medicare Advantage (MA) population. DATA SOURCES: Secondary analysis of 2013 Medicare Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set, Medicare enrollment data, and a neighborhood disadvantage indicator. STUDY DESIGN: We tested the association of neighborhood disadvantage with intermediate health outcomes. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for geographic and individual factors including region, sex, race/ethnicity, dual eligibility, disability, and rurality. DATA COLLECTION: Data were linked by ZIP+4, representing compact geographic areas that can be linked to Census block groups. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Compared with enrollees residing in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods, enrollees in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods were 5 percentage points (P  <  0.05) less likely to have controlled blood pressure, 6.9 percentage points (P  <  0.05) less likely to have controlled diabetes, and 9.9 percentage points (P  <  0.05) less likely to have controlled cholesterol. Adjustment attenuated this relationship, but the association remained. CONCLUSIONS: The ADI is a strong, independent predictor of diabetes and cholesterol control, a moderate predictor of blood pressure control, and could be used to track neighborhood-level disparities and to target disparities-focused interventions in the MA population.




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