Emerging Technologies and Therapeutics Report: Narrative Review and Evidence Mapping Proteomics for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease

Stapleton P, Siddiqi S, Apaydin EA, Akinniranye O, Becerra A, Gahlon G, Xenakis L, Griswold M, Larkin J. Emerging Technologies and Therapeutics Report: Narrative Review and Evidence Mapping Proteomics for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Emerging Technologies and Therapeutics Report. Washington, DC: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; 2021 Jan 1. 93 p.

- Proteomic testing applications for cancer and cardiovascular disease currently in clinical use vary in their approach to identifying and quantifying proteins and to matching them to a particular diagnosis, treatment, or prognosis. Global proteomic testing, in vitro diagnostic multivariate index assays, and several protein tests are the predominant approaches, with most leveraging innovation in mass spectrometry. More than half of proteomic research studies in these fields use a form of algorithmic processing to interpret protein biomarkers. - There is broad expert consensus on the potential for proteomic testing to be effectively used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Although many studies focus on the diagnostic accuracy and patient outcome efficacy of proteomic testing for cancer and cardiovascular disease, there is limited evidence of proteomic testing applications that are likely to be widely adopted in the near future. - Researchers face methodological limitations of study designs, disease heterogeneity, and inconsistent standards across testing platforms, which constrain the effectiveness of proteomic tests in terms of sensitivity and specificity and engender practical challenges for test development and deployment. Health care organizations face additional potential challenges related to the technical infrastructure and expertise needed to scale and integrate proteomic tests into existing clinical workflows. - Only a limited number of proteomic testing studies in these fields focus on racial and ethnic minorities and the uninsured, validating earlier studies on the underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in research on personalized or precision medicine.