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Cigarette smoking: Evidence to guide measurement.

Stevens KR, Muñoz LR. Cigarette smoking: Evidence to guide measurement. Research in nursing & health. 2004 Aug 1; 27(4):281-92.

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Abstract:

Smoking cessation programs measure outcomes in terms of abstinence from or reduction in smoking. These outcomes can be measured through self-report by the smoker, through measurement with a biological marker of smoking, or through a combination of both. Consideration of the relative advantages of self-report and biomarker approaches is important in the selection of measurement strategies to evaluate outcomes in smoking cessation interventions. In this article both ways of measuring smoking behavior, self-report and biomarkers of carbon monoxide, cotinine, nicotine, thiocyanate, and alkaloids of nicotine, are explored. Measurement approaches are discussed in light of research evidence and their physiologic bases.




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