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Pohlman, Patel, Essien, Tang, Joseph. Novel Cardiometabolic Medications in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Era. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2025 May 19 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf295.
Dimensions for VA is a web-based tool available to VA staff that enables detailed searches of published research and research projects. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents a complex interplay of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), driving elevated morbidity and mortality. CKM syndrome encompasses a continuum of interrelated metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular dysfunctions attributed to obesity, impaired glucose regulation, and chronic inflammation. This review synthesizes recent literature on the efficacy of cardiorenal protective medications including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) in CKM syndrome management. SGLT2i agents show promising outcomes, including reduced cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, and adverse kidney events across diverse patient populations, regardless of T2DM status. Similarly, GLP-1RA agents demonstrate substantial benefits in weight loss, glycemic control, and reduced cardiovascular and kidney events. The review also highlights the necessity of equitable pharmacotherapy distribution to ensure that high-risk populations benefit from these advancements and the need for further precision-based therapeutic frameworks, policy innovations, and tailored interventions focused on CKM syndrome management. Finally, we discuss strategies for translating these findings into practice through an equity-focused lens to advance CKM health.
