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Kim HM, Eisenberg D, Ganoczy D, Hoggatt K, Austin KL, Downing K, McCarthy JF, Ilgen M, Valenstein M. Examining the relationship between clinical monitoring and suicide risk among patients with depression: matched case-control study and instrumental variable approaches. Health services research. 2010 Oct 1; 45(5 Pt 1):1205-26.
The IV approach appeared to address the selection bias more appropriately than the case-control analysis. Neither analysis clearly indicated that closer monitoring during high-risk periods was significantly associated with reduced suicide risks, but the distance-weighted IV estimate suggested a potentially protective effect.