Longitudinal increase in vitamin D binding protein levels after initiation of tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz among individuals with HIV.

Hsieh E, Fraenkel L, Han Y, Xia W, Insogna KL, Yin MT, Zhu T, Cheng X, Li T. Longitudinal increase in vitamin D binding protein levels after initiation of tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz among individuals with HIV. AIDS. 2016 Jul 31; 30(12):1935-42.

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Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To examine longitudinal change in vitamin D binding protein (DBP) levels during the first year after initiation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/lamivudine/efavirenz and compare these findings with concurrent changes in markers of skeletal metabolism. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of plasma samples collected from an ongoing multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: Plasma samples collected at 0, 24, and 48 weeks after initiation of TDF?+?lamivudine?+?efavirenz from 134 adult participants enrolled in a multicenter randomized trial were analyzed. Data regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained as part of the parent study. Laboratory analyses included plasma DBP, intact parathyroid hormone, total 25-hydroxy vitamin D, phosphorus, the bone resorption marker collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide, and the bone formation marker total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to measure changes in biomarkers over time. RESULTS: Our sample included 108 men and 26 women (mean age 33.6?±?9.6 years). Median levels of DBP increased significantly from baseline to 48 weeks [154 (91.8-257.4) versus 198.3 (119.6-351.9)?µg/ml, P? < 0.001]. A concurrent rise in intact parathyroid hormone levels was observed over the same period [32.3 (24.4-40.9) versus 45.2 (35.1-60.4)?pg/ml, P? < 0.001]; however, 25-hydroxy vitamin D and phosphorus levels remained stable. Bone resorption and formation markers rapidly increased from 0 to 24 weeks, followed by a slight decline or plateau, but remained significantly elevated at 48 weeks (P? < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study provides longitudinal data supporting a potential role for DBP in bone loss associated with TDF-based therapy. Further research to elucidate the mechanistic pathways and clinical impact of these findings is warranted.